Page 39 - MDJ 2022 Jan-Jun, Volume 45 Number 1

Malaysian Dental Journal Volume 45 Issue 1/2022
 2022 The Malaysian Dental Association
MALAYSIAN DENTAL JOURNAL

Antibacterial Effect of Ziziphus mauritiana on Streptococcus mutans

*
Said Gulam Khan HB Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai
Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Khor GH Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh
Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohd Sarmin NI Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam
Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Jambai GNA Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh
Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohd Azlan PE Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh
Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Nordin NF Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh
Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.

Correspondence: Dr Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan, [email protected] / [email protected]
_________________________________________________________________________________

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine the antibacterial effect of ethanolic Z. mauritiana leaves extract against Streptococcus mutans, which is known as
an aetiological agent in the development of dental caries.

Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were prepared using maceration method in 100 % ethanol for 72 hours. The ethanol filtrate
was separated and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Then, the extract was lyophilized using freeze dryer for three days. The
antibacterial assay of the leaf extracts was conducted on S. mutans (ATCC 25175) by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Results: The results of disc diffusion method were determined by the diameter of zone of inhibition. For 200 mg/mℓ and 500 mg/mℓ of
the ethanolic extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract the zone of inhibition were 11.67 mm and 13.9 mm respectively. The MIC and
MBC value was 3.125 mg/mℓ.
Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that ethanol extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves have the potential to be developed
as a therapeutic agent in preventing development of dental caries.
Key words: antibacterial activity, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Ziziphus mauritiana.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION chronic diseases worldwide. Globally, it is estimated that
2 billion people suffer from caries of permanent teeth and
Oral health is a very important aspect in 520 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth.
1
determining the quality of a person’s life. Not only is it Furthermore, dental disease treatment accounts for
important for mastication, but a lack of it can interfere with between 5–10 % of total healthcare costs in industrialized
our daily life and serve as indication of a few systemic countries. In Malaysia, about 9 out of 10 adults have
diseases. Dental diseases are one of the most prevalent experienced periodontal disease and dental caries, based

38