Page 26 - MDJ Volume 47 Number 2 ( Jul-Dec 2024)

Original Article

Cranial Base Growth and Its Relation with Sagittal Skeletal

Discrepancies

Samar Fatima , Irfan Qamruddin , Samra Bokhari , Hina Siddiqui , Ayesha Bibi , Hafiz Zuhair Ahmed 1
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1
2
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1 Department of Orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, National Institute of Child Health,
2
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Abstract
Context: The maxilla is connected to the anterior part of the basicranium and the mandible is related to the posterior part of
it. The cranial base growth can be a factor in sagittal discrepancies of the jaws. Aims: To determine mean total, anterior and
posterior cranial base lengths with mean cranial base angles amongst patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to compare
the mean total, anterior and posterior cranial base lengths and mean cranial base angles in patients with different skeletal sagittal
discrepancies. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review
Board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU), Karachi, Pakistan. The study was carried out from June 1, 2021, to November
30, 2021, at the Department of Orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, JSMU. Materials and Methods: A total
of 93 cephalometric radiographs of patients presented with complaints of malaligned teeth from both genders aged between 13
and 30 years with class I, class II and class III maloccusions who underwent orthodontic treatment were included in the study.
Measurements of anterior cranial base length, posterior cranial base length, total cranial base length and cranial base angles
were taken. Articulare, basion, nasion, sella, point A and point B were the cephalometric landmarks used in the study. Statistical
Analysis:Analysis of variance was used to compare mean differences, keeping a P value of ≤0.05 as statistically significant. Results:
About 40.9% as class I, 53.8% were classified as class II and 5.4% with class III. Mean posterior, anterior and total cranial base
lengths were 46.10 ± 5.42, 65.69 ± 4.36 and 102.74 ± 7.84 mm, respectively. Mean nasion–sella–articulare and nasion–sella–basion
cranial base angles were 127.25 ± 5.97° and 133.45 ± 6.34°, whereas mean SNA, SNB and ANB were 82.41 ± 4.11, 100.97 ± 116.87
and 4.69 ± 2.80. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between mean values for cranial base angle and length between
class I, class II and class III discrepancies.

Keywords: Anterior, cranial base angles, cranial base lengths, posterior, skeletal sagittal discrepancies

IntroductIon the cranial base growth can be a factor in sagittal
[1]
The human skull is made up of three different parts such discrepancies of jaws.
as neurocranium, basicranium and face. The calvarium Malocclusion is a deformity in development, which can
contains the brain, and the neurocranium is separated be dental or skeletal. Malocclusion with skeletal sagittal
by the face through the cranial base. The growth of the discrepancies can be due to abnormal size, form and
craniofacial complex is still debatable, several genetic and positions of the maxilla, mandible and cranial base. The
extrinsic factors play an important role. The upper and
lower jaws grow in harmony in ideal conditions but not Address for correspondence: Dr. Samar Fatima,
always. There can be sagittal skeletal dysplasia of upper Department of Orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences,
and lower jaws, this can occur due to unequal growth Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Rafiqi H J Road,
of either jaw concerning one another. The maxilla is Karachi Cantonment Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan.
connected to the anterior part of the basicranium and the E-mail: [email protected]
mandible is related to the posterior part of it. Therefore, This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the
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others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as
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Quick Response Code: For reprints contact: [email protected]
Website:
https://journals.lww.com/mdj How to cite this article: Fatima S, Qamruddin I, Bokhari S, Siddiqui H,
Bibi A, Ahmed HZ. Cranial base growth and its relation with sagittal
skeletal discrepancies. Malaysian Dent J 2024;47:52-7.
DOI:
10.4103/MDJ.MDJ_17_24 Received: 06-Sep-2024 Revised: 19-Nov-2024
Accepted: 21-Nov-2024 Published: 30-Dec-2024

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